UPSC

Civil Services Examination

IAS · IPS · IFS · IRS and 20+ Allied Services

The UPSC Civil Services Examination is India's most prestigious competitive exam, conducted annually to recruit officers for IAS, IPS, IFS and 20+ Group A & B Central Services. It is widely regarded as one of the toughest exams in the world.

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Conducted by
Union Public Service Commission
Frequency
Annual
Total Marks
2025
Prep Time
1–3 years
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Eligibility
Graduate in any discipline from a recognised university
Age Limit
21–32 years (OBC +3 yrs, SC/ST +5 yrs, PH +10 yrs)
Attempts
6 (General) · 9 (OBC) · Unlimited (SC/ST)

Exam Pattern & Stages

Stage 1
Prelims
400 marks
Objective MCQ

Two papers: GS Paper I (100 questions, 200 marks) and CSAT (80 questions, 200 marks — qualifying at 33%). Negative marking of 1/3 per wrong answer. Only GS I score counts for cut-off.

Stage 2
Mains
1750 marks
Descriptive Written

9 papers total. Essay (250), GS I–IV (250 each), Optional Paper I & II (250 each). 2 language papers (English + Indian Language) are qualifying only and not counted in merit.

Stage 3
Interview
275 marks
Personality Test

A structured board interview at UPSC headquarters, New Delhi. Tests personality, leadership potential, decision-making and suitability for civil services. Usually 20–45 minutes.

Syllabus Breakdown

GS Paper I
  • Indian Heritage & Culture
  • History of Modern India
  • World History (post-1945)
  • Indian & World Geography
  • Indian Society & Diversity
GS Paper II
  • Indian Constitution & Governance
  • Social Justice & Rights
  • International Relations
  • Schemes, Policies & Government
GS Paper III
  • Indian Economy & Development
  • Science & Technology
  • Environment & Bio-diversity
  • Disaster Management
  • Internal Security
GS Paper IV
  • Ethics & Integrity
  • Attitude & Aptitude
  • Emotional Intelligence
  • Public Service Values
  • Case Studies in Ethics
CSAT (Qualifying)
  • Comprehension
  • Interpersonal & Communication Skills
  • Logical Reasoning
  • Analytical Ability
  • Basic Numeracy (Class 10)
Optional Subject
  • 48 subjects available
  • Literature, Science, Humanities, Engineering
  • 2 papers of 250 marks each
  • Choose based on interest + scoring trend

Career Outcomes & Posts

IAS — Indian Administrative Service
IPS — Indian Police Service
IFS — Indian Foreign Service
IRS — Income Tax
IRS — Customs & Central Excise
IRTS, IDAS, IAAS, ICAS and 20+ more Central Services

Expert Preparation Tips

1

Complete NCERT books (Class 6–12) for History, Geography, Polity, Economy and Science before any advanced books

2

Follow The Hindu or Indian Express daily — make short notes on editorials, government schemes and international affairs

3

Start answer writing for Mains from the very first month — quality of writing determines your rank more than knowledge

4

Solve last 10 years of Prelims papers to identify high-weightage areas and understand question difficulty

5

Pick Optional subject based on your genuine interest, available coaching material and recent scoring trends

6

Form or join a small study group of 3–5 serious aspirants for peer learning and motivation

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